Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

11.5K
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
11.5K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.3K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.3K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

10.1K
10.1K
Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

20.0K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
20.0K
Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

22.7K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
22.7K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

9.8K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Increased expression of a subset of genes within reduced copy number regions across multiple cancer types.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A simple method for analyzing competitive growth of multiple cell types in xenograft tumors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Induction of PARP7 Creates a Vulnerability for Growth Inhibition by RBN2397 in Prostate Cancer Cells.

Cancer research communications·2023
Same author

Androgen signaling uses a writer and a reader of ADP-ribosylation to regulate protein complex assembly.

Nature communications·2021
Same author

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of PARP7 Protein Stability Is Controlled by Androgen Signaling.

Cells·2021
Same author

Long Noncoding RNA DRAIC Inhibits Prostate Cancer Progression by Interacting with IKK to Inhibit NF-κB Activation.

Cancer research·2020
Same journal

Mammalian Respiratory Chain Complex Assemblies and Their Links to Mitochondria Stress-Induced Human Diseases.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Enzyme Assemblies in Nucleotide Metabolism: Structure, Regulation, and Disease Implications.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: A 90-Year-Old Enigma Shaping the Future of Structural Enzymology.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Regulation of the Anti-termination RNA Transcription Complex by Lon-Mediated Lambda N Degradation.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

PCNA Macromolecular Complexes: PCNA Serves as a Molecular Hub Regulating Multiple Cellular Processes Inside and Outside of the Nucleus.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic Assemblies in Genome Maintenance.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
09:45

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

Published on: January 29, 2018

9.8K

SUMO and Chromatin Remodeling.

David Wotton1, Lucy F Pemberton2, Jacqueline Merrill-Schools3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. dw2p@virginia.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sumoylation, a protein modification, generally silences gene expression by altering chromatin. However, emerging evidence suggests sumoylation also plays roles in highly active genes, highlighting its complex regulatory functions.

Keywords:
ChromatinHDACPolycombSUMOTranscription

More Related Videos

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

10.4K
Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes
07:41

Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes

Published on: October 2, 2017

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity
09:45

In Vitro SUMOylation Assay to Study SUMO E3 Ligase Activity

Published on: January 29, 2018

9.8K
Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes
08:44

Generation and Purification of Human INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complexes and Subcomplexes

Published on: October 23, 2014

10.4K
Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes
07:41

Sequential Salt Extractions for the Analysis of Bulk Chromatin Binding Properties of Chromatin Modifying Complexes

Published on: October 2, 2017

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Sumoylation targets nuclear proteins involved in gene expression and chromatin dynamics.
  • This post-translational modification often correlates with reduced transcriptional activity and chromatin modulation.
  • Sumoylation of histones and transcription factors typically leads to gene silencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of sumoylation in regulating chromatin accessibility.
  • To investigate the interplay between sumoylation and other chromatin-associated modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of known SUMO substrates.
  • Review of studies on sumoylation's impact on transcriptional activity and chromatin remodeling.
  • Examination of sumoylation in the context of both active and repressed genes.

Main Results:

  • Sumoylation of core histones and transcription factors is linked to transcriptional silencing.
  • Sumoylation can decrease gene expression by recruiting chromatin-modifying enzymes.
  • Recent findings indicate sumoylation may also be important for highly expressed genes.

Conclusions:

  • Sumoylation is intricately linked with chromatin remodeling and gene regulation.
  • While often repressive, sumoylation's role in active genes requires further investigation.
  • Understanding the dynamic interplay of sumoylation with other post-translational modifications is crucial for deciphering chromatin regulation.