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Related Concept Videos

Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
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Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns01:21

Euler's Formula for Pin-Ended Columns

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In structural engineering, the stability of columns under compressive axial loads is a critical consideration, described as buckling. A typical example involves a column PQ, which is pin-connected at both ends and subjected to a centric axial load F applied at one end, with a reaction force of F' = -F at the other end. Here, it is crucial to understand that when an applied load exceeds the critical load, buckling occurs as the system becomes unstable.
To calculate the critical load, envision...
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Euler's Formula to Columns: Problem Solving01:23

Euler's Formula to Columns: Problem Solving

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Euler's formula is used in structural engineering to determine the buckling load of columns under various conditions. However, when dealing with systems that incorporate both rigid elements and elastic components, such as springs, the analysis requires a finer approach to determine the critical load. The problem described involves two rigid bars connected at a pivot point with a spring attached and a vertical load applied at one end.
The system comprises two vertical rigid bars, AB and BC, of...
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Euler's Formula to Columns with Other End Conditions01:15

Euler's Formula to Columns with Other End Conditions

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Euler's formula is very important in the field of structural engineering, providing a foundation for understanding the critical loading conditions of pin-ended columns. This formula links the modulus of elasticity, the moment of inertia of the cross-section, and the column's length, offering a precise calculation of the critical load at which a column is prone to buckling.
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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4D Printed Bifurcated Stents with Kirigami-Inspired Structures
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Buckling-Induced Kirigami.

Ahmad Rafsanjani1, Katia Bertoldi1,2

  • 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thin sheets with square cuts form 3D patterns when stretched, as ligaments buckle out of plane. This buckling-induced pop-up strategy offers a simple method for creating morphable kirigami structures from flat sheets.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Mechanics of Materials

Background:

  • Thin sheets with perforations exhibit complex mechanical behaviors.
  • Understanding the out-of-plane deformation of perforated materials is crucial for novel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical response of perforated thin sheets under uniaxial tension.
  • To explore the formation of 3D patterns and kirigami structures through buckling.
  • To establish a manufacturing route for morphable structures.

Main Methods:

  • Combined analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches were employed.
  • Uniaxial tension was applied to perforated thin sheets.
  • Morphological analysis of induced 3D patterns was conducted.

Main Results:

  • Perforated sheets buckle out-of-plane under uniaxial tension, forming 3D patterns.
  • The morphology of these patterns is dependent on the direction of applied load.
  • Plastic strains in ligaments lead to permanent folds, creating kirigami structures.

Conclusions:

  • Buckling-induced pop-up is an effective strategy for transforming flat perforated sheets into complex 3D structures.
  • This method provides a simple route for manufacturing morphable kirigami.
  • The findings have implications for the design of deployable and reconfigurable materials.