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Maxillofacial and Mandibular Fractures in Sports
1Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Abstract:
Sports account for 3% to 29% of facial injuries and 10% to 42% of facial fractures. Fractures of the facial skeleton most commonly occur owing to interpersonal violence or motor vehicle crashes. Facial fractures from sporting activities has clearly decreased over time owing to better preventive measures. However, this decreasing trend is offset by the emergence of more dangerous sports activities, or "pushing the envelope" of traditional sports activities. Fractures can occur from contact between athletes, and between athletes and their surroundings. Football, soccer, hockey, and baseball most frequently are involved in sports-related cases of facial bone fracture.
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01:27Fractures: Bone Repair
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
01:26Flail Chest-II
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
01:08Overview of the Skull
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...