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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care
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Immune Therapy for Sarcomas.

Peter M Anderson1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Cleveland Clinic S20, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. andersp@ccf.org.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid recovery of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) after chemotherapy improves sarcoma survival. Enhancing immune function through various therapies offers promising strategies for better outcomes in sarcoma patients.

Keywords:
(Mal)adaptive immune responseAbsolute lymphocyte countCAR T cellsCTLA-4Glutamine disaccharide (Healios)Immune checkpoint blockadeLymphopeniaMifamurtidePD1Sarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Therapy

Background:

  • Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) recovery post-chemotherapy is a key prognostic indicator for sarcoma survival.
  • Lymphopenia correlates with decreased survival rates in sarcoma patients, highlighting the immune system's role.
  • Sarcoma treatments, while standard, can induce immune suppression or inflammation, necessitating immune-modulating strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review treatment and host factors influencing immune function in sarcoma.
  • To explore preclinical and clinical efforts aimed at enhancing anti-sarcoma immunity.
  • To discuss challenges and future directions in sarcoma immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of regional therapies (surgery, ablation, radiotherapy) and systemic interventions (cytokines, vaccines, cell therapies).
  • Examination of immunomodulatory agents like macrophage activators and T cell-based therapies (TCR, CAR T cells).
  • Analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD1, anti-CTLA-4) and their role in the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Early ALC recovery (14 days) is linked to better prognosis in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma.
  • Various interventions, including regional therapies and immunotherapies, are being investigated to boost anti-sarcoma immune responses.
  • Understanding immune checkpoint molecule expression (PD1, CTLA-4) is crucial for developing effective immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • The immune system plays a critical role in sarcoma survival, making immune-enhancing therapies a significant area of research.
  • Future sarcoma treatments may involve combining existing therapies with novel immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade.
  • Overcoming barriers such as cost and treatment coordination is essential for implementing advanced immune therapies for sarcoma.