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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Force On A Current-Carrying Conductor01:25

Magnetic Force On A Current-Carrying Conductor

Moving charges experience a force in a magnetic field. Since the magnetic fields produced by moving charges are proportional to the current, a conductor carrying a current creates a magnetic field around it.
Consider a compass placed near a current-carrying wire. The wire experiences a force that aligns the needle of the compass tangentially around the wire. Thus, the current-carrying wire produces concentric circular loops of magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by a wire can be...
Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents01:13

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

Two long, straight, and parallel current-carrying conductors exert a force of equal magnitude on one another. The direction of the force depends on the current direction in the conductors.
The force exerted by the magnetic field due to the first conductor over a finite length of the second conductor is given as the product of the current in the second conductor and  the vector product of the length vector along the current element and the field due to the first conductor. According to the...
Biasing of P-N Junction01:16

Biasing of P-N Junction

The operation of a p-n junction diode involves various biasing conditions, including forward bias, reverse bias, and equilibrium.
In equilibrium, no external voltage is applied across the p-n junction. The depletion region is formed at the junction interface due to the diffusion of carriers, which leaves behind charged dopants, acceptors on the p-side, and donors on the n-side. These immobile charges create an electric field that prevents further diffusion of carriers. The related energy band...
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

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Magnetically-driven colossal supercurrent enhancement in InAs nanowire Josephson junctions.

J Tiira1, E Strambini1, M Amado1,2

  • 1NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.

Nature Communications
|April 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We observed a colossal enhancement of critical supercurrent in Josephson junctions using InAs nanowires. This anomalous effect, induced by a magnetic field, suggests a magnetic field-induced topological transition in topological superconductivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Phenomena
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The Josephson effect describes supercurrent in superconducting junctions via Andreev reflections.
  • Junction topology influences supercurrent properties, with Majorana bound states potentially enhancing critical supercurrent.
  • Topological superconductivity offers new avenues for quantum phenomena research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate charge transport in mesoscopic Josephson junctions using InAs nanowires.
  • To explore the influence of external magnetic fields on critical supercurrent in these junctions.
  • To determine if observed phenomena align with theories of topological superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of mesoscopic Josephson junctions using InAs nanowires and Ti/Al superconducting leads.
  • Conducting charge transport measurements under varying external magnetic field conditions.
  • Analyzing critical supercurrent behavior in response to magnetic field application.

Main Results:

  • A colossal enhancement of critical supercurrent was observed in the InAs/Ti/Al Josephson junctions.
  • This enhancement was induced by an external magnetic field applied perpendicular to the substrate.
  • The observed supercurrent enhancement deviates significantly from conventional Josephson junction phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • The anomalous critical supercurrent enhancement is not explained by known conventional physics.
  • Results are consistent with a magnetic field-induced topological transition.
  • The study provides evidence supporting the role of topological superconductivity in engineered junctions.