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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

Structured Approach to Colonoscopy Technique Optimization: A Single-Center Experience with Novice Endoscopists
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The Difficult Colorectal Polyp.

Mark J Pidala1, Marianne V Cusick2

  • 1Colon & Rectal Surgery, University of Texas/McGovern Medical School, 800 Peakwood Drive, Suite 2C, Houston, TX 77090, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|May 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Difficult colorectal polyps, once requiring surgery, can now be removed using advanced endoscopic techniques. These minimally invasive options avoid colectomy, improving patient outcomes for challenging polyp removal.

Keywords:
ColonoscopyColorectal polypsEndoscopic mucosal resectionEndoscopic submucosal dissectionLaparoscopic colon surgeryPolypectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Endoscopy
  • Colorectal Surgery

Background:

  • Difficult colorectal polyps present challenges for standard endoscopic snare polypectomy.
  • Historically, surgical resection was the primary management for these lesions.
  • Advancements offer less invasive alternatives to colectomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current minimally invasive endoscopic techniques for managing difficult colorectal polyps.
  • To highlight alternatives to surgical resection for colorectal polyp removal.

Main Methods:

  • Review of endoscopic techniques including repeat colonoscopy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
  • Inclusion of combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery.
  • Consideration of transanal minimally invasive techniques for rectal polyps.

Main Results:

  • Several less invasive endoscopic options are now available for difficult colorectal polyps.
  • Techniques like EMR and ESD enable polyp removal without formal surgery.
  • Transanal techniques offer enhanced resectability for rectal polyps.

Conclusions:

  • Most colorectal polyps can be managed effectively without surgical resection.
  • Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have significantly reduced the need for colectomy.
  • Expert endoscopic management is key for challenging colorectal polyp cases.