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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.7K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.7K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.8K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.2K
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

2.3K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
2.3K
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
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Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models
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Characterizing Histone Post-translational Modification Alterations in Yeast Neurodegenerative Proteinopathy Models

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Histone Posttranslational Modifications in Schizophrenia.

Elizabeth A Thomas1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, SP2030, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. bthomas@scripps.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental factors influence schizophrenia through epigenetic mechanisms like histone modifications. These potentially reversible changes offer new therapeutic targets for psychiatric treatment.

Keywords:
CNSEpigeneticPsychiatricTherapeutic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant heritability.
  • Environmental factors are crucial in schizophrenia's development, acting via epigenetic pathways.
  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and histone methylation/acetylation, alter gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on histone modifications in schizophrenia.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic marks in psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epigenetic mechanisms in schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of research on histone acetylation and methylation in relation to the disorder.
  • Examination of the potential for epigenetic therapies.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications, particularly histone modifications, are implicated in the neuronal and behavioral changes seen in schizophrenia.
  • These modifications can lead to lasting alterations in gene expression.
  • The reversible nature of epigenetic processes suggests therapeutic applicability.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications are key environmental mediators in schizophrenia.
  • Targeting these epigenetic marks represents a promising avenue for novel psychiatric treatments.