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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
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Relative Nephrotoxicity of Different Contrast Media

Iram Aqeel1, Amarinder S Garcha1, Michael R Rudnick1

  • 1Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, One Founders, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Interventional Cardiology Clinics
|June 6, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) risk is similar between low-osmolar and iso-osmolar contrast agents. For high-risk patients, using either agent is recommended, suggesting other factors influence CIN development.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury.
  • High-osmolar contrast agents are linked to a higher risk of CIN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence of CIN between low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) and iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM) in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced procedures.
  • To evaluate the role of contrast agent osmolality in CIN development, particularly in high-risk populations.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study analyzing CIN incidence in patients receiving LOCM versus IOCM.
  • Focus on patient cohorts identified as high-risk for CIN development.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in CIN incidence was observed between LOCM and IOCM groups.
  • This lack of difference persisted even in high-risk patient populations.

Conclusions:

  • Osmolality alone does not appear to be the primary determinant of CIN risk.
  • Both LOCM and IOCM are suitable for high-risk patients, indicating other pathogenic factors are involved in CIN.

Keywords:
Contrast mediaContrast-induced nephropathyNephrotoxicityOsmolar contrast agent

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