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Related Concept Videos

Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Knee Joint01:23

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Updated: Feb 28, 2026

A Teleoperated Robotic System-Assisted Percutaneous Transiliac-Transsacral Screw Fixation Technique
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The Sacroiliac Joint.

David W Polly1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|June 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sacroiliac joint pain is a frequent cause of low back pain, often diagnosed through physical exams and guided injections. Surgical intervention offers superior outcomes for carefully selected patients compared to non-surgical treatments.

Keywords:
Low back painSI jointSIJSacroiliac jointSacroiliac joint fusion

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pain Management
  • Spine Surgery

Background:

  • The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) exhibits limited motion (2.5°) but is richly innervated by nociceptive fibers.
  • SIJ dysfunction is a significant contributor to low back pain, accounting for 15%-30% of cases.
  • Degenerative changes in the SIJ are common, particularly following lumbosacral fusion procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic modalities for sacroiliac joint pain.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of surgical versus non-surgical management for sacroiliac joint pain.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic physical examination maneuvers performed sequentially.
  • Image-guided diagnostic injections into the sacroiliac joint.
  • Review of randomized clinical trials comparing surgical and non-surgical treatments.

Main Results:

  • Physical examination maneuvers, when conducted systematically, are effective in diagnosing SIJ pain.
  • Image-guided injections serve as a confirmatory diagnostic tool.
  • Randomized clinical trials demonstrate superior statistical and clinical outcomes for surgical treatment in appropriately selected patients.

Conclusions:

  • The sacroiliac joint is a critical anatomical structure implicated in low back pain.
  • A combination of physical examination and diagnostic injections aids in accurate diagnosis.
  • Surgical intervention provides a demonstrably effective treatment option for carefully selected patients with sacroiliac joint pain.