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Jorge R Valdés Kroff1, Paola E Dussias2, Chip Gerfen3

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Spanish-English bilinguals show asymmetric gender effects when code-switching, facilitating comprehension of feminine target nouns. This highlights how language experience influences processing and the permeability between languages in bilingual speakers.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Bilingualism Research

Background:

  • Code-switching in bilingual individuals offers insights into language processing.
  • Gender marking in Spanish determiners can influence comprehension.
  • The visual world paradigm is a key tool for studying real-time language processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how language experience modulates comprehension in Spanish-English bilingual code-switchers.
  • To examine the facilitative effect of gender-marked Spanish determiners on upcoming target nouns.
  • To explore the asymmetric gender effect in processing during code-switching.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the visual world paradigm to track eye movements during language comprehension.
  • Employed experiments with Spanish-English bilingual code-switchers and a Spanish monolingual control group.
  • Designed critical trials involving code-switches from Spanish determiners to English nouns in various sentence structures.

Main Results:

  • Bilingual code-switchers exhibited an asymmetric gender effect in processing.
  • Facilitation was observed specifically for feminine target items.
  • This asymmetric effect extended to Spanish-only contexts, indicating language mode permeability.

Conclusions:

  • Language experience significantly modulates comprehension in bilinguals.
  • Asymmetric gender effects in processing reflect asymmetric gender use in code-switched speech production.
  • The findings underscore the dynamic and permeable nature of language systems in bilingual code-switchers.