Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

4.1K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.1K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

4.9K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
4.9K
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

6.6K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
6.6K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

9.7K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
9.7K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.5K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.5K
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

4.8K
A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Developing a Checklist-Based Radiology Reporting Framework for Maxillofacial Trauma: A Multispecialty Delphi Study.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2026
Same author

Postoperative Edema Following Rhytidectomy: A New System for Quantifying Lymphedema after Facelift.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2025
Same author

Virtual Surgical Planning for Management of Acute Maxillofacial Trauma.

Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction·2025
Same author

Comparing Current Practice Habits for Treatment of Subcondylar Fracture Among Craniomaxillofacial Surgeons.

Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction·2024
Same author

The Impact of Using Intraoperative Computed Tomography on the Number of Surgical Approaches Used for Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Repair.

Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine·2024
Same author

Trends in Maxillomandibular Fixation Technique at a Single Academic Institution.

Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
03:59

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

672

Defect of the Eyelids.

Guanning Nina Lu1, Ron W Pelton2, Clinton D Humphrey1

  • 1Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 3010, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
|July 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Reconstructing eyelid defects requires understanding anatomy and available techniques. This article presents an updated reconstructive ladder to address most eyelid defects effectively.

Keywords:
Eyelid anatomyEyelid defectsEyelid flapsEyelid reconstructionPost-MOHS reconstruction

More Related Videos

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits
07:43

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Published on: January 8, 2020

11.0K
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
08:13

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

Published on: November 11, 2025

589

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis
03:59

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

672
Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits
07:43

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Published on: January 8, 2020

11.0K
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
08:13

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation

Published on: November 11, 2025

589

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Eyelid defects compromise ocular function and aesthetics.
  • Surgical repair of eyelid defects presents a significant challenge.
  • A thorough understanding of eyelid anatomy is crucial for successful reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an updated reconstructive ladder for managing eyelid defects.
  • To provide a systematic approach for evaluating and treating various eyelid abnormalities.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on reconstructive techniques for the eyelids.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and novel reconstructive techniques for eyelid defects.
  • Description of an updated algorithmic approach (reconstructive ladder).
  • Illustrative examples of applying the reconstructive ladder to diverse eyelid defect scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The updated reconstructive ladder offers a versatile framework for eyelid defect repair.
  • The described approach can be adapted to address a wide spectrum of eyelid defects.
  • Integration of various techniques allows for tailored reconstructive solutions.

Conclusions:

  • An updated reconstructive ladder enhances the management of eyelid defects.
  • Knowledge of eyelid anatomy and reconstructive options is paramount for surgeons.
  • This systematic approach aids in achieving optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes in eyelid reconstruction.