Allergic contact dermatitis to acrylates

Area of Science:

• Polymer Chemistry
• Dermatology
• Allergology

Background:

• Acrylates and methacrylates are reactive monomers used in diverse applications like glues, coatings, and plastics.
• Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to acrylates often presents occupationally in dental workers and nail technicians.
• Clinical ACD manifestations vary by contact site, with hand eczema, pulpitis, and stomatitis common in non-occupational cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the frequency of acrylate sensitization.
• To identify the most common acrylate sensitizers.
• To evaluate 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) as a potential screening allergen for acrylate allergy.

Main Methods:

• A study was conducted from January 2013 to December 2014.
• 217 patients with suspected contact dermatitis underwent patch testing with an extended acrylate series.
• Testing was performed at the Dermatology and Allergology Units of the University Hospital of Bari.

Main Results:

• Seven patients (3.2%) exhibited positive patch test reactions to acrylates.
• Reactions were linked to artificial nails in 2 beauticians and dental prostheses in 5 patients.
• 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) successfully identified 100% of acrylate-sensitized individuals.

Conclusions:

• Acrylate sensitization is a significant concern in occupational settings, particularly in dentistry and nail care.
• 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) demonstrates high efficacy as a screening allergen for acrylate allergy.
• Patch testing with an extended acrylate series is crucial for diagnosing ACD in at-risk populations.