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Habitual versus goal-driven attention.

Yuhong V Jiang1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|July 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial attention is controlled in two ways: current goals direct where attention is prioritized, while learned search habits guide how attention shifts. This suggests a multi-level framework for attentional control.

Keywords:
Implicit learningSearch habitSpatial attentionSpatial reference frame

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Spatial attention is influenced by multiple factors beyond goals and salience, including statistical learning, reward, and emotion.
  • Existing frameworks suggest these factors modulate attention uniformly, but their specific implementation remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether different factors controlling spatial attention are implemented through distinct mechanisms.
  • To differentiate the roles of current goals versus learned search habits in spatial attention control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the location probability learning paradigm to establish search habits.
  • Compared attentional cuing effects from probability learning with those from explicit goals.
  • Assessed the reference frame (environment-centered vs. viewer-centered) and sensitivity to working memory load and aging for probability cuing.

Main Results:

  • Search habits, formed by frequent target discovery in specific regions, create implicit attentional cuing.
  • Probability learning cuing is distinct from goal-driven cuing, being implicit and persistent.
  • Probability cuing operates in a viewer-centered frame and is unaffected by working memory load or aging, unlike goal-driven attention.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional control is implemented via two distinct mechanisms: modulating where attention is allocated (goals) and how attention shifts (search habits).
  • Proposes a multi-level framework separating attentional control sources from their implementation.
  • This framework integrates goals, salience, and selection history while acknowledging dual implementation pathways for spatial attention.