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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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ACUTE RENAL FAILURE - CHANGING TRENDS.

A S Narula1, G R Bhangui2

  • 1Classified Specialist Medicine & Nephrologist, Army Hospital, Delhi Cantt 110010.

Medical Journal, Armed Forces India
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study on acute renal failure in Calcutta found infections and volume depletion as leading causes. Acute tubular necrosis was the most common renal lesion, with infection and multisystem issues worsening outcomes.

Keywords:
Acute renal failure

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute renal failure (ARF) presents a significant clinical challenge.
  • Understanding evolving etiological trends and prognostic indicators is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the changing incidence and causes of ARF.
  • To identify factors influencing prognosis in ARF patients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 120 patients with ARF.
  • Data collection included patient demographics, etiological factors, renal histology, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The mean age of patients was 33.7 years; 75% had medical risk factors.
  • Leading causes included septicaemia (25.6%), drugs (16.7%), falciparum malaria (16.6%), and volume depletion (13.3%).
  • Acute tubular necrosis was the most frequent histological finding (53.3%).

Conclusions:

  • Septicemia and falciparum malaria are significant contributors to ARF in this region.
  • Associated infection and multisystem involvement are poor prognostic indicators in fatal ARF cases.