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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: February 26, 2013
Energy Sources for Ablation in the Pericardial Space
Kasturi K Ghia1, David E Haines
1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3601 West 13 Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA.
Abstract:
Catheter ablation has been widely used for the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Transvenous endocardial catheter ablation successfully eliminates or modifies the critical substrate for most arrhythmias. Most arrhythmias can be eliminated with conventional endocardial mapping and radiofrequency energy delivery, but some critical arrhythmic substrates are not accessible via endocardial access and this has led to epicardial mapping and ablation in addition to traditional endocardial mapping techniques. This article reviews current approaches to epicardial ablation and discusses the specialized tools that increase ablation efficacy and safety.
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