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Related Concept Videos

Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
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Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

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Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Protein coding genes as hosts for noncoding RNA expression.

Vincent Boivin1, Gabrielle Deschamps-Francoeur1, Michelle S Scott1

  • 1Département de biochimie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|August 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many eukaryotic protein-coding genes host non-coding RNA genes, impacting cellular networks. Understanding these host-non-coding RNA relationships reveals crucial regulatory links for cell function.

Keywords:
BiogenesisEmbedded non-coding RNAFunctional couplingProtein-coding host genesTransposons

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • A significant portion of eukaryotic protein-coding genes, up to 50% in humans, function as hosts for non-coding RNA genes.
  • Small nucleolar RNAs and microRNAs are prominent families of embedded non-coding RNAs.
  • Genomic characteristics of embedded genes influence their biogenesis and host gene interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex relationships between host genes and embedded non-coding RNA genes.
  • To understand the regulatory roles and functional coupling of these gene pairs.
  • To investigate the evolutionary mechanisms, including transposable elements, involved in the integration and migration of non-coding genes.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput sequence characterization.
  • Gene annotation analysis.
  • Comparative genomics to study conserved relationships and evolutionary mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Host and embedded non-coding RNA genes can be co-regulated and mutually influence each other.
  • Functional coupling exists, with many pairs participating in the same cellular pathways.
  • Mechanisms involving transposable elements facilitate the integration and migration of non-coding genes within host genes.

Conclusions:

  • Host-non-coding RNA gene relationships add complexity to cellular networks.
  • These interactions provide essential regulatory links for understanding cell function.
  • The study highlights the importance of investigating embedded non-coding RNAs for a comprehensive view of gene regulation.