Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.8K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

60.2K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
60.2K
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.8K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.6K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Valley splitting correlations across a silicon quantum well containing germanium.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Operating two exchange-only qubits in parallel.

Nature·2025
Same author

Scalable entanglement of nuclear spins mediated by electron exchange.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Bell inequality violation in gate-defined quantum dots.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Gate- and flux-tunable sin(2φ) Josephson element with planar-Ge junctions.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

12-Spin-Qubit Arrays Fabricated on a 300 mm Semiconductor Manufacturing Line.

Nano letters·2024
Same journal

Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Nonlinear quantum light source with van der Waals ferroelectric NbOX<sub>2</sub> (X = Br, I).

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Antagonistic histone H2A variants and autonomous heterochromatin formation shape epigenomic patterns in Arabidopsis.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The long tail of nitrate pollution in groundwater challenges governance of global water quality.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Select microbial metabolites promote tau aggregation in a murine tauopathy model.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Warming climate has lengthened global intense tropical cyclone seasons.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.9K

Silicon quantum processor with robust long-distance qubit couplings.

Guilherme Tosi1, Fahd A Mohiyaddin2,3, Vivien Schmitt2

  • 1Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. g.tosi@unsw.edu.au.

Nature Communications
|September 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers designed a scalable silicon quantum processor using phosphorus donors. This innovative flip-flop qubit design enables robust, high-fidelity quantum gates and simplifies fabrication for future quantum computers.

More Related Videos

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.5K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.9K
Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping
14:58

Silicon Metal-oxide-semiconductor Quantum Dots for Single-electron Pumping

Published on: June 3, 2015

15.5K
Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Materials Science
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Practical quantum computers need highly coherent qubits networked robustly against errors.
  • Silicon-based donor spins offer advanced coherence and gate fidelities, leveraging industrial semiconductor processing.
  • Existing designs often require precise donor placement, limiting scalability and interconnect integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a scalable design for a silicon quantum processor.
  • To introduce a novel qubit and coupling mechanism for enhanced control and connectivity.
  • To demonstrate a pathway towards fault-tolerant quantum computation in silicon.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the flip-flop qubit using electron-nuclear spin states of phosphorus donors.
  • Implementation of two-qubit gates via a second-order electric dipole-dipole interaction for selective, long-range coupling.
  • Utilizing microwave resonators for extending entanglement over macroscopic distances.
  • Modeling gate fidelities with realistic noise models to assess performance against fault-tolerance thresholds.

Main Results:

  • A scalable silicon quantum processor design that bypasses the need for precise donor placement.
  • Demonstration of the flip-flop qubit controlled by microwave electric fields.
  • Achieving selective qubit coupling at separations of hundreds of nanometers.
  • Prediction of gate fidelities meeting fault-tolerance requirements.

Conclusions:

  • The presented design offers a realizable blueprint for scalable, spin-based quantum computers in silicon.
  • The flip-flop qubit and electrical control schemes simplify fabrication and operation.
  • This approach addresses key challenges in building large-scale quantum networks.