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Related Concept Videos

Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Modulating microfibrillar alignment and growth factor stimulation to regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

Dinorath Olvera1, Binulal N Sathy1, Simon F Carroll1

  • 1Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Acta Biomaterialia
|October 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that aligned electrospun scaffolds and specific growth factors can guide mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to regenerate ligament or cartilage tissues. This offers a new strategy for tissue engineering the bone-ligament interface.

Keywords:
ChondrogenesisElectrospinningGrowth factorsMesenchymal stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ligament regeneration requires recapitulating the complex bone-ligament interface.
  • Aligned electrospun fibers can guide extracellular matrix deposition but struggle to replicate diverse tissue interfaces.
  • Directing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation is key to engineering this interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how fiber alignment and growth factor stimulation influence MSC chondrogenic and ligamentous differentiation.
  • To explore the combined effects of transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on MSCs.
  • To determine if aligned scaffolds can direct MSCs toward specific phenotypes for bone-ligament interface engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of aligned and randomly-oriented electrospun microfibrillar scaffolds.
  • Seeding scaffolds with bone marrow-derived MSCs.
  • Stimulating MSCs with TGFβ3 and/or CTGF, individually or sequentially.
  • Assessing MSC differentiation via gene expression (e.g., TNMD, aggrecan, collagen types) and matrix synthesis (sGAG).

Main Results:

  • Without growth factors, aligned scaffolds promoted higher tenomodulin (TNMD) and aggrecan expression.
  • TGFβ3 stimulation on aligned scaffolds induced chondrogenesis (collagen II, sGAG), while random scaffolds favored endochondral phenotypes (BMP2, collagen I).
  • CTGF stimulation on aligned scaffolds promoted ligamentous differentiation (TNMD).
  • Sequential growth factor stimulation resulted in higher collagen deposition and expression of both collagen types I and II.

Conclusions:

  • Microfiber alignment and specific biochemical cues can direct MSCs toward chondrogenic, ligamentous, or fibrochondrogenic phenotypes.
  • Aligned electrospun scaffolds, spatially functionalized with growth factors, can engineer the bone-ligament interface by controlling MSC differentiation.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for regenerating complex musculoskeletal tissues.