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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Hess's Law03:40

Hess's Law

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There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection
08:37

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

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Hydrogen Sulfide as an O2 Sensor: A Critical Analysis.

Jesus Prieto-Lloret1, Philip I Aaronson2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine. CIBERES/Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Valladolid and IBGM/CSIC, Valladolid, Spain.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may play a key role in oxygen sensing. This review critically examines the evidence for H2S involvement in carotid body function and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV).

Keywords:
Carotid bodyHydrogen sulfideHypoxiaO2 sensingPulmonary artery

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Gasotransmitter signaling

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter with known physiological effects including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-angiogenic actions.
  • H2S is proposed to be a ubiquitous mediator of oxygen (O2) sensing.
  • Cellular H2S levels are thought to vary inversely with ambient oxygen partial pressure (pO2), rising during hypoxia to elicit cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the evidence supporting the role of H2S in O2 sensing.
  • To evaluate the proposed model of H2S-mediated O2 sensing in the carotid body and pulmonary arteries.
  • To assess the contribution of H2S to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on H2S, O2 sensing, carotid body function, and HPV.
  • Critical analysis of experimental data supporting and challenging the H2S-O2 sensing hypothesis.
  • Synthesis of findings to evaluate the proposed mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The review examines evidence linking H2S to O2 sensing in the carotid body, which regulates ventilation.
  • The role of H2S in HPV, a process crucial for maintaining blood oxygenation in the lungs, is critically assessed.
  • Evidence supporting and questioning the H2S-mediated O2 sensing model is presented.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model of H2S as a ubiquitous O2 sensor requires further rigorous investigation.
  • The precise mechanisms and extent of H2S involvement in carotid body and HPV responses remain subjects of ongoing research.
  • Future studies are needed to definitively establish the physiological significance of H2S in O2 sensing and related pathways.