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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

1.2K
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
1.2K
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

59.0K
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
59.0K
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

3.1K
The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
3.1K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

9.4K
During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
9.4K
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

1.6K
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
1.6K
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

9.5K
Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
9.5K

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Assessment of Cellular Oxidation using a Subcellular Compartment-Specific Redox-Sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein
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Assessment of Cellular Oxidation using a Subcellular Compartment-Specific Redox-Sensitive Green Fluorescent Protein

Published on: June 18, 2020

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Subcellular Redox Signaling.

Liping Zhu1, Yankai Lu1, Jiwei Zhang1

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular redox balance is crucial for health. This review explores how subcellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and signaling impact cellular functions and disease.

Keywords:
CytoplasmDNA damageEndoplasmic reticulumMitochondriaNAD(P)H oxidaseNucleusReactive oxygen speciesSpatio-temporal manner

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The balance between oxidative and antioxidative systems is vital for cellular homeostasis.
  • Disruptions in redox status are linked to various pathological conditions.
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as key signaling molecules in a spatiotemporally regulated manner.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of subcellular ROS production.
  • To discuss the downstream effects of subcellular ROS signaling.
  • To highlight the role of subcellular ROS in cellular function and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cellular redox signaling.
  • Focus on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in subcellular compartments.
  • Analysis of advanced redox-sensitive probes for subcellular localization.

Main Results:

  • Subcellular organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and nuclei are significant sources of ROS.
  • Subcellular ROS signaling mediates distinct biological effects beyond bulk cytoplasmic ROS.
  • Investigating localized ROS is feasible with advanced imaging techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Subcellular ROS production and signaling are critical determinants of cellular function.
  • Understanding localized ROS dynamics is essential for comprehending pathological processes.
  • Targeted investigation of subcellular ROS opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies.