Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classification of Signals01:30

Classification of Signals

1.5K
In signal processing, signals are classified based on various characteristics: continuous-time versus discrete-time, periodic versus aperiodic, analog versus digital, and causal versus noncausal. Each category highlights distinct properties crucial for understanding and manipulating signals.
A continuous-time signal holds a value at every instant in time, representing information seamlessly. In contrast, a discrete-time signal holds values only at specific moments, often denoted as x(n), where...
1.5K
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

564
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
564
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

396
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
396
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

2.6K
Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
2.6K
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

1.4K
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
1.4K
Aliasing01:18

Aliasing

686
Accurate signal sampling and reconstruction are crucial in various signal-processing applications. A time-domain signal's spectrum can be revealed using its Fourier transform. When this signal is sampled at a specific frequency, it results in multiple scaled replicas of the original spectrum in the frequency domain. The spacing of these replicas is determined by the sampling frequency.
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original...
686

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic variation, recombinant characteristics, and seroprevalence analysis of echovirus 3 causing severe and mild cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Guizhou Province.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

Heteronuclear Neighboring Co-Mn Single-Atom Pairs as a Synergistic Platform for Oxidative C-H Functionalization.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Tuning the microenvironment of dual-atom catalysts for enhanced electrocatalysis: synthesis strategies, mechanistic insights, and future perspectives.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same author

A Suspended Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Ultra-Sensitive and Label-Free Detection of Cancer Biomarker miR-21.

Biosensors·2026
Same author

Endoscopic virtual ruler (EVR) based on image recognition technology: a novel tool for decision support in endoscopic treatment.

Surgical endoscopy·2026
Same author

Ammonium polyphosphate enabling nonflammable practical high-nickel cells: Performance verification and mechanism analysis.

iScience·2025
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
09:38

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

12.7K

High-precision frequency estimation for frequency modulated continuous wave laser ranging using the multiple signal

Hao Pan, Fumin Zhang, Chunzhao Shi

    Applied Optics
    |October 20, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We introduce the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) method for frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser detection and ranging (FMCW ladar). MUSIC significantly improves range precision by overcoming limitations of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method.

    More Related Videos

    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators
    08:53

    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

    Published on: December 29, 2015

    9.7K
    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
    09:10

    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

    Published on: December 5, 2025

    914

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
    09:38

    Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

    Published on: December 18, 2015

    12.7K
    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators
    08:53

    Label-free Single Molecule Detection Using Microtoroid Optical Resonators

    Published on: December 29, 2015

    9.7K
    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
    09:10

    The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

    Published on: December 5, 2025

    914

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Signal Processing
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Frequency-modulated continuous-wave laser detection and ranging (FMCW ladar) is a high-precision ranging technique.
    • Conventional methods like Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) suffer from picket fence effect and spectrum leakage, limiting precision.
    • Nonlinearity in laser tuning is a challenge in FMCW ladar systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel frequency estimation method, Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), for enhanced range precision in FMCW ladar.
    • To compare the performance of the MUSIC algorithm against the conventional FFT-based method.
    • To evaluate the proposed method's proximity to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB).

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm for frequency estimation in FMCW ladar.
    • Experimental verification of the MUSIC method's performance.
    • Comparison of range precision and mean square error with the FFT-based method and CRLB.

    Main Results:

    • The MUSIC method achieved a range peak full width at half-maximum of 20 μm, a 7-fold improvement over the FFT method at a distance of 3.814 m with a 20 nm (2.5 THz) chirped bandwidth.
    • The mean square error for distance estimation using MUSIC was 0.56 μm, significantly closer to the CRLB of 0.18 μm than the FFT method.
    • Experimental results demonstrate MUSIC's superior performance in high-precision ranging applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The MUSIC algorithm offers superior range precision and reduced estimation error compared to conventional FFT-based methods in FMCW ladar.
    • MUSIC effectively mitigates the limitations of FFT, providing results closer to the theoretical CRLB.
    • The MUSIC estimator presents a significant advancement for high-precision ranging applications.