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Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
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Double Helix Nodal Line Superconductor.

Xiao-Qi Sun1, Biao Lian1, Shou-Cheng Zhang1

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|October 21, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered conditions for linked nodal lines in superconductors, which are crucial for topological thermal magnetoelectric effects. These effects arise from specific Fermi surface shapes and spin textures in 3D materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Topological Materials
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Time-reversal invariant superconductors can host nodal lines in their electronic structure.
  • These nodal lines act as Wilson loops in 3D momentum-space Chern-Simons theory.
  • Topological contributions to the thermal magnetoelectric coefficient are linked to these phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions required for realizing linked nodal lines in 3D superconductors.
  • To understand the relationship between linked nodal lines and topological thermal magnetoelectric effects.
  • To construct a model exhibiting these linked nodal lines.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of nodal line formation in 3D superconductors.
  • Investigating the role of Fermi surface topology (torus or higher genus).
  • Incorporating spiral spin textures and spin-dependent interactions.

Main Results:

  • Identified torus or higher genus Fermi surfaces and spiral spin textures as essential for linked nodal lines.
  • Demonstrated that linked nodal lines yield a topological contribution to the thermal magnetoelectric coefficient via the Chern-Simons action.
  • Constructed a model with two torus Fermi surfaces exhibiting double-helix-like linked nodal lines.

Conclusions:

  • Linked nodal lines in time-reversal invariant superconductors are achievable under specific conditions.
  • These linked nodal lines are key to topological thermal magnetoelectric responses.
  • The proposed model provides a pathway for realizing novel topological superconducting states.