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Concentration Cells02:41

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Electrogravimetric analysis measures the weight of an analyte deposited electrolytically onto a suitable working electrode. This method involves applying a potential to a pre-weighed electrode submerged in a solution, which results in the desired substance being deposited through reduction at the cathode or oxidation at the anode. The electrode's weight is recorded after deposition, and the difference in weight gives the analyte's weight in the solution.
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Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

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Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
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Electrophoresis: Overview01:20

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Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical separation technique that relies on the differential migration of charged species when subjected to an electric field. The core strength of electrophoresis lies in its ability to separate high-molecular-weight species in complex mixtures. It has found widespread use in biochemistry, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry, allowing the separation of compounds like amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, and proteins with excellent resolution.
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Electropreconcentration-induced local pH change.

Honggu Chun1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

Electrophoresis
|October 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electropreconcentration in nanochannels causes significant pH decreases in the sample plug due to hydroxide ion removal. This pH shift impacts pH-dependent assays, but can be managed by adjusting electric field strength and buffer salt concentration.

Keywords:
ElectropreconcentrationLocal pH changeSample preconcentration

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Ion-permselective nanochannels enable effective sample preconcentration via electropreconcentration.
  • Anion-selective electropreconcentration leads to hydroxide ion extraction and subsequent pH reduction in the sample plug.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pH changes occurring within a microchannel during anion-selective electropreconcentration.
  • To evaluate the influence of running buffer pH, electric field strength, and salt concentration on pH shifts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized charged pH indicators to monitor pH variations in the microchannel.
  • Systematically altered experimental conditions, including buffer pH, electric field, and salt concentration.

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant pH decrease from 11 to below 7 within the preconcentrated sample plug.
  • Demonstrated that reducing the sample channel electric field and increasing buffer salt concentration mitigate pH changes.

Conclusions:

  • Anion-selective electropreconcentration causes substantial pH decreases, necessitating careful consideration in pH-sensitive experiments.
  • Experimental parameters can be optimized to control and minimize undesirable pH fluctuations during nanochannel-based preconcentration.