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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

289
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
289
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

258
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
258
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

338
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
338
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

344
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
344
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

344
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
344
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

19
Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Pediatric Oncologic Emergencies.

Melanie K Prusakowski1, Daniel Cannone2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, 1906 Belleview Avenue, Roanoke, VA 24014, USA.

Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
|October 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric cancer survival rates have improved, but emergencies still pose risks. Early recognition and management by emergency providers are crucial for better outcomes in childhood cancer patients.

Keywords:
EmergencyOncologyPediatricsPrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Cancer Survivorship

Background:

  • Childhood cancer survival rates have significantly improved since 1975.
  • Despite overall improvements, childhood cancer incidence remains substantial.
  • Acute oncologic emergencies in children present significant morbidity and mortality risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of emergency providers in managing pediatric oncologic emergencies.
  • To emphasize the need for an age-appropriate and family-centered approach in pediatric cancer care.
  • To underscore the impact of timely intervention on the prognosis of childhood cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current pediatric oncology emergency management protocols.
  • Analysis of trends in childhood cancer incidence and mortality.
  • Discussion of best practices for emergency care in pediatric oncology.

Main Results:

  • Improved survival rates for many pediatric malignancies.
  • Persistent challenges related to acute oncologic emergencies in children.
  • The critical role of emergency providers in mitigating adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric oncologic emergencies by emergency providers is vital for improving patient prognosis.
  • An age-appropriate and compassionate approach is essential for optimal care of pediatric cancer patients and their families.
  • Continued focus on early detection and management of cancer-related emergencies can further enhance survival and quality of life.