Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 18, 2026
05:19
A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance
Published on: November 7, 2025
901
Selecting Patients with Small Renal Masses for Active Surveillance
Michael H Johnson1, Mohamad E Allaf1, Phillip M Pierorazio1
1The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, 21287 MD, United States.
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
|November 17, 2017
Summary
Active Surveillance (AS) is a safe and effective strategy for managing small renal masses (SRM). Careful patient selection, considering health risks, tumor traits, and patient preferences, is crucial for successful AS outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Small renal masses (SRM) are frequently diagnosed, often incidentally.
- Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) diagnosis includes over 40% of newly detected renal tumors as SRMs (clinical stage T1aN0M0, ≤4cm).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss current literature on selection criteria for Active Surveillance (AS) in patients with SRMs.
- To highlight the emerging role of AS as a management strategy for SRMs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing studies on AS for SRMs.
- Analysis of retrospective data regarding patient selection and clinical outcomes.
Main Results:
- Active Surveillance is a safe and effective management strategy for selected patients with clinical T1a renal masses.
- Evidence supporting AS and patient selection is largely based on retrospective, heterogeneous data.
- Long-term clinical outcomes for AS are still being reported.
Conclusions:
- Appropriate patient selection for AS is critical and requires comprehensive evaluation.
- Key factors for selection include competing health risks, tumor characteristics, and patient preferences.
- Further research on long-term outcomes and standardized selection criteria is needed.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management
288
The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
288
01:30Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
357
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
357
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
610
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
610
01:24Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography
537
IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
537
01:28Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
494
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
494
01:27Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention
455
Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
455