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Related Concept Videos

Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

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Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

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Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

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The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

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Lung function after extremely preterm birth-A population-based cohort study (EXPRESS).

Per Thunqvist1,2, Ellen Tufvesson3, Leif Bjermer3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Sachs' Children Youth Hospital Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|November 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children born extremely preterm exhibit significant lung function deficits and altered airway mechanics, impacting their respiratory health. Continued follow-up and treatment are crucial for this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
lung function testspreterm birthrespiratory mechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Persistent lung function deficits are observed in individuals born very-to-moderately preterm.
  • Extremely preterm birth (22-26 weeks gestation) poses significant risks for long-term respiratory health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess lung function and airway mechanics in school-aged children born extremely preterm.
  • To compare respiratory outcomes between extremely preterm children and a term-born control group.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study included 350 extremely preterm children and term-born controls.
  • Lung function was evaluated at 6.5 years using spirometry and impulse oscillometry.
  • Associations with gestational age, small for gestational age (SGA), and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Extremely preterm children showed reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).
  • Increased frequency-dependence of resistance and larger area under the reactance curve indicated abnormal airway mechanics.
  • A significant proportion of children born at 22-24 weeks had FVC or FEV1 below normal limits; 40% reported asthma-like symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Many extremely preterm children experience impaired lung function and altered airway mechanics.
  • These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and ongoing monitoring for extremely preterm infants.
  • SGA and severe BPD had minimal impact on pulmonary outcomes in this cohort.