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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Phosphodiester Linkages01:01

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Overview
Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
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Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Triplex-forming oligonucleotides: a third strand for DNA nanotechnology.

Arun Richard Chandrasekaran1, David A Rusling2

  • 1Confer Health, Inc., Charlestown, MA 02143, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
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DNA triplex structures, formed by a third strand binding in the major groove, offer new possibilities for nanoscale engineering beyond traditional DNA duplexes. These three-stranded DNA complexes enable novel dynamic and structural applications in nanotechnology.

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Area of Science:

  • * Nanotechnology
  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Structural Biology

Background:

  • * DNA self-assembly is a key bottom-up strategy for creating nanoscale structures.
  • * Traditional designs rely on DNA double-helical domains and canonical base pairing.
  • * Non-canonical base-pairing interactions introduce novel DNA engineering paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the properties of DNA triplexes for nanostructure engineering.
  • * To highlight applications enabled by triplex formation beyond duplex capabilities.
  • * To explore the use of triplexes for dynamic and structural nanodevices.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of literature on DNA triplex formation and properties.
  • * Analysis of sequence, structural, and assembly requirements for triplexes.
  • * Examination of applications in nanoscale object and device construction.

Main Results:

  • * DNA triplexes are formed by a third strand binding within the major groove of a DNA duplex.
  • * Triplexes offer distinct sequence, structural, and assembly properties compared to duplexes.
  • * These properties enable the design of advanced nanostructures and targeted component placement.

Conclusions:

  • * DNA triplexes represent a powerful tool for advanced DNA nanostructure engineering.
  • * They facilitate the creation of dynamic nanostructures and precise component targeting.
  • * Triplex-based strategies unlock applications not achievable with DNA duplexes alone.