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Dysthyroidism and Chronic Heart Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

Caterina Rizzo1, Margherita Ilaria Gioia1, Giuseppe Parisi1

  • 1School of Cardiology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 14, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Thyroid dysfunction (dysthyroidism) is common in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, impacting disease progression and outcomes. Prompt treatment is crucial for managing these complex cardiovascular comorbidities.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction, or dysthyroidism, is a significant comorbidity in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, particularly affecting the aging population.
  • Thyroid hormones critically influence cardiovascular function, and their imbalance can exacerbate CHF conditions.
  • Hypothyroidism is prevalent in CHF patients, affecting disease onset, progression, and prognosis, while hyperthyroidism, though less common, requires urgent intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with chronic heart failure.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiology linking thyroid dysfunction and CHF.
  • To evaluate the prognostic impact of thyroid disorders on chronic heart failure outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the best available scientific evidence.
  • Analysis of cumulative clinical experience.
  • Examination of epidemiological data on dysthyroidism in CHF populations.

Main Results:

  • Dysthyroidism is a relevant comorbidity in chronic heart failure, especially in older patients.
  • Hypothyroidism plays a key role in CHF onset, progression, and prognosis.
  • Hyperthyroidism, though less frequent, has immediate negative cardiovascular effects, and iatrogenic dysthyroidism (e.g., from Amiodarone) is a consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid disorders represent a significant challenge in managing chronic heart failure patients.
  • Understanding the interplay between thyroid function and heart failure is essential for optimizing patient care and prognosis.
  • Clinical vigilance for dysthyroidism, including drug-induced cases, is vital in the chronic heart failure population.

Keywords:
AmiodaroneChronic heart failurehyperthyroidismhypothyroidism

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