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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Capturing Totipotent Stem Cells.

Christopher L Baker1, Martin F Pera1

  • 1The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04660, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|January 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Minority subpopulations in embryonic stem cell cultures show expanded developmental potential. Researchers are exploring methods to capture and stabilize these totipotent cells for future research and applications.

Keywords:
chimerachromatinmouse and human embryopluripotent stem cellprimitive endodermtotipotent stem celltrophoblasttwo-cell stage

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts.
  • ESCs typically exhibit pluripotency, but not full totipotency.
  • Totipotent cells can give rise to the entire conceptus, including extraembryonic tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of cultured cells with totipotent-like developmental potential.
  • To assess progress in capturing and stabilizing totipotent cells in vitro.
  • To highlight the potential applications of totipotent cells in research and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ESC subpopulations and totipotency.
  • Analysis of biological and molecular characteristics of cells with expanded developmental potential.
  • Evaluation of strategies for isolating and culturing totipotent cells.

Main Results:

  • Minority subpopulations within ESC cultures display developmental potential akin to early blastomeres or inner cell mass.
  • These cells possess the capacity to generate the complete conceptus.
  • Progress has been made in identifying and culturing these rare totipotent-like cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cultured cells with totipotent potential offer new avenues for studying early embryonic development.
  • The isolation and stabilization of totipotent cells could advance chimeric animal generation.
  • Totipotent cells hold promise for organ production for transplantation and regenerative medicine.