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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Spin-orbit torques from interfacial spin-orbit coupling for various interfaces.

Kyoung-Whan Kim1,2,3, Kyung-Jin Lee4,5, Jairo Sinova1,6

  • 1Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany.

Physical Review. B
|January 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to calculate spin-orbit torques in magnetic multilayers. This approach simplifies predicting spin-orbit torque effects in various magnetic materials and interfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Interfacial spin-orbit coupling is crucial for spintronics applications.
  • Understanding current-induced spin-orbit torques is essential for device design.
  • Existing models often lack a comprehensive description of electron transport near interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile theoretical framework for calculating current-induced spin-orbit torques.
  • To provide a unified approach applicable to diverse magnetic multilayer systems.
  • To predict novel contributions to spin-orbit torques.

Main Methods:

  • A perturbative approach is employed to study interfacial spin-orbit coupling.
  • A 2D Rashba model is integrated into a 3D electron transport description.
  • Analytic expressions for spin-orbit torques are derived using scattering coefficients.

Main Results:

  • A compact analytic expression for current-induced spin-orbit torques is obtained.
  • The formalism is applicable to magnetic bilayers, junctions with insulators, and topological insulator/ferromagnet interfaces.
  • A distinct dampinglike component of spin-orbit torque is predicted.

Conclusions:

  • The developed formalism offers a unified and efficient method for calculating spin-orbit torques.
  • It enables the study of spin-orbit coupling effects in a wide range of magnetic heterostructures.
  • The findings contribute to the fundamental understanding and potential applications of spintronic devices.