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Updated: Feb 15, 2026

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
Published on: June 15, 2018
Economic Burden of Clostridium difficile Infection in European Countries
Elena Reigadas Ramírez1,2,3, Emilio Santiago Bouza4,5,6,7
1Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. helenrei@hotmail.com.
Abstract:
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a considerable challenge to health care systems worldwide. Although CDI represents a significant burden on healthcare systems in Europe, few studies have attempted to estimate the consumption of resources associated with CDI in Europe. The reported extra costs attributable to CDI vary widely according to the definitions, design, and methodologies used, making comparisons difficult to perform. In this chapter, the economic burden of healthcare facility-associated CDI in Europe will be assessed, as will other less explored areas such as the economic burden of recurrent CDI, community-acquired CDI, pediatric CDI, and CDI in outbreaks.
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