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Related Concept Videos

Communication01:03

Communication

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Communication01:28

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
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Mutual Inductance01:24

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Inductance is the property of a device that tells us how effectively it induces an emf in another device. In other words, it is a physical quantity that expresses the effectiveness of a given device.
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Directional Relays01:25

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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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Overcurrent Relays01:26

Overcurrent Relays

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Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
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Differential Relays01:20

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Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing
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Mutual-Information-Based Incremental Relaying Communications for Wireless Biomedical Implant Systems.

Yangzhe Liao1,2, Mark S Leeson3, Qing Cai4

  • 1School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China. yangzhe.liao@whut.edu.cn.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a mutual information (MI)-based protocol to extend wireless biomedical implant network lifetime. The new method improves performance for continuous physiological monitoring and telemedicine applications.

Keywords:
QoSWBANscommunication protocolnetwork lifetime

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wireless Communication Systems
  • Network Lifetime Optimization

Background:

  • Maximizing network lifetime in wireless biomedical implant systems is a key challenge for wireless body area networks (WBANs).
  • Existing protocols face limitations in energy efficiency and sustained operation for continuous physiological monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel mutual information (MI)-based incremental relaying communication protocol for WBANs.
  • To enhance the network lifetime and performance of wireless biomedical implant systems.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a system model analyzing channel path loss, energy consumption, and outage probability.
  • Implemented an MI-based threshold for data transmission initiation.
  • Derived mathematical models for quality of service (QoS) metrics and subjective functions.

Main Results:

  • The MI-based incremental relaying protocol demonstrated superior performance compared to previous techniques.
  • The protocol effectively manages data transmission based on MI thresholds and communication distance.
  • Optimized energy consumption and improved network reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed MI-based incremental relaying protocol significantly enhances WBAN network lifetime and performance.
  • This technique is applicable to intra-body continuous physiological signal monitoring, artificial biofeedback WBANs, and telemedicine systems.
  • Offers a promising solution for reliable and long-lasting biomedical implant communication.