Mal de débarquement syndrome: Review and proposed diagnostic criteria

Mal de débarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a rare cause of imbalance encountered in a neurology practice. However, it consists of classic features that the practicing neurologist should be able to recognize when evaluating a patient with dizziness. It is characterized by a feeling of rocking and swaying, and typically follows prolonged exposure to motion, such as being on a boat or plane. In this review article, we provide the clinical neurologist with the history of this disorder followed by illustrative cases of patients diagnosed with MdDS. Next we present proposed criteria for aiding in diagnosis. Finally, we will discuss a differential diagnosis for the syndrome, insights into the possible pathophysiology, current treatments, and future directions in management.