Nucleation in Sheared Granular Matter
Frank Rietz1,2,3,4, Charles Radin5, Harry L Swinney6
1Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Abstract:
We present an experiment on crystallization of packings of macroscopic granular spheres. This system is often considered to be a model for thermally driven atomic or colloidal systems. Cyclically shearing a packing of frictional spheres, we observe a first order phase transition from a disordered to an ordered state. The ordered state consists of crystallites of mixed fcc and hcp symmetry that coexist with the amorphous bulk. The transition, initiated by homogeneous nucleation, overcomes a barrier at 64.5% volume fraction. Nucleation consists predominantly of the dissolving of small nuclei and the growth of nuclei that have reached a critical size of about ten spheres.
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