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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Nucleation in Sheared Granular Matter.

Frank Rietz1,2,3,4, Charles Radin5, Harry L Swinney6

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|February 27, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Granular sphere packings undergo a phase transition from disordered to ordered states when cyclically sheared. This crystallization, observed in macroscopic systems, models atomic and colloidal behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Macroscopic granular sphere packings serve as analogs for atomic and colloidal systems.
  • Understanding phase transitions in condensed matter is crucial for materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crystallization process in granular sphere packings.
  • To model thermally driven atomic or colloidal systems using granular materials.

Main Methods:

  • Experimentally shearing a packing of frictional spheres cyclically.
  • Observing the system's response to applied shear stress.

Main Results:

  • A first-order phase transition from a disordered to an ordered state was observed.
  • The ordered state features coexisting face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystallites with amorphous bulk.
  • The transition initiates via homogeneous nucleation, overcoming a volume fraction barrier of 64.5%.

Conclusions:

  • Granular shear provides a model for studying crystallization and phase transitions.
  • Nucleation dynamics involve dissolution of small nuclei and growth of critical-sized nuclei (approx. ten spheres).