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COPD Course and Comorbidities: Are There Gender Differences?

Marcin Grabicki1, Barbara Kuźnar-Kamińska2, Renata Rubinsztajn3

  • 1Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland. grabicki@ump.edu.pl.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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PubMed
Summary

Women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience more exacerbations and have a worse prognosis than men, despite fewer comorbidities. These findings highlight significant gender-specific differences in COPD presentation and outcomes.

Keywords:
COPDComorbid conditionsExacerbationsGender differencesPrognosisPulmonary functionSex phenotypesSmoking

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Gender Studies in Health
  • Respiratory Disease Research

Background:

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence is rising faster in women.
  • Gender may influence COPD clinical presentation, comorbidities, and prognosis.
  • Understanding gender-specific COPD expression is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate significant gender-based differences in COPD.
  • To compare clinical presentation, pulmonary function, comorbidities, and prognosis between men and women with COPD.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective recruitment of 470 stable COPD patients (152 women, 318 men).
  • Assessment of smoking history, comorbidities, exacerbations, spirometry, lung volumes, diffusing capacity, and 6-minute walk tests.
  • Calculation of the BODE prognostic score.

Main Results:

  • Women smoked less (30.4 vs. 41.9 pack-years) but had more exacerbations (2.5 vs. 1.7).
  • Women exhibited higher FEV1%predicted and RV/%TLC, with similar dyspnea intensity.
  • Women had fewer average comorbidities (5.4 vs. 6.4) but a higher prevalence of multiple comorbidities (48.7% vs. 33.0%) and a worse BODE score (4.6 vs. 3.1).

Conclusions:

  • This study confirms distinct gender phenotypes in COPD.
  • Gender differences are evident in exacerbations, comorbidities, and prognosis.
  • Targeted assessment and management strategies for COPD in women and men are warranted.