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Related Concept Videos

Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

47.1K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
47.1K
Expressing Solution Concentration02:48

Expressing Solution Concentration

70.5K
A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
Concentrations may be quantitatively assessed using a wide variety of measurement units, each convenient for particular applications. Molarity (M) is a useful concentration unit for many applications in chemistry.
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Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
22.7K
General Properties of Solutions02:12

General Properties of Solutions

36.1K
Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
36.1K
Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

38.1K
There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
38.1K
Enthalpy of Solution02:39

Enthalpy of Solution

31.2K
There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
31.2K

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A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
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Elbow Injuries: Common Problems and Solutions.

Felix H Savoie1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.

Clinics in Sports Medicine
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elbow surgery presents challenges like nerve issues and stiffness. Strategies such as nerve protection, early motion, and tailored rehabilitation improve surgical outcomes for the elbow joint.

Keywords:
ArthrofibrosisArthroscopyElbow

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Elbow joint surgery is complex, with common complications.
  • Issues include portal placement errors, nerve injury (neuropraxia), joint stiffness (ankylosis), and heterotopic ossification.
  • Procedure failure can occur despite surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common challenges in elbow surgery.
  • To outline effective solutions and management strategies for elbow joint complications.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for postoperative care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common elbow surgery complications.
  • Analysis of established and emerging treatment modalities.
  • Synthesis of evidence for postoperative management protocols.

Main Results:

  • Key issues identified: incorrect portal placement, neuropraxia, ankylosis, heterotopic bone formation, and procedure failure.
  • Effective solutions include portal safeguards, nerve protection, early motion, cryocompression, steroids, radiation, stabilization, and rehabilitation.
  • Postoperative management should be guided by evidence and imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing specific elbow surgery challenges requires a multifaceted approach.
  • Implementing protective measures and tailored rehabilitation is crucial for successful outcomes.
  • Optimizing elbow function relies on careful planning, execution, and postoperative care.