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Real-time chest-wall-motion tracking by a single optical fibre grating: a prospective method for ventilator

M D Ivanović1, J Petrovic1, A Savić2

  • 1Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.

Physiological Measurement
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A novel optical fibre-grating sensor accurately measures chest-wall motion for non-invasive ventilation triggering. This method improves accuracy and reduces errors caused by facemask air leaks, enhancing patient-ventilator synchrony.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) commonly uses facemasks, which are prone to air leaks.
  • These leaks cause inaccurate feedback from pneumatic sensors, leading to patient-ventilator asynchrony.
  • Asynchrony can result in negative clinical consequences for patients requiring respiratory support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an optical fibre-grating sensor for measuring chest-wall motion.
  • To test its efficacy as a more accurate non-invasive ventilator triggering mechanism.
  • To improve upon existing pneumatic triggering systems affected by air leaks.

Main Methods:

  • A long-period fibre-grating sensor was developed to measure chest-wall curvature.
  • The sensor was externally applied to the rib-cage of 34 healthy volunteers.
  • Wavelet transform processing was used to remove heartbeat signals before data analysis.

Main Results:

  • The fibre-grating sensor consistently provided an advance of (230 ± 100) ms compared to standard pneumatic signals.
  • Heart activity removal significantly improved sensor accuracy, reducing error from 60 ml to 0.3 ml.
  • The sensor demonstrated robustness against air leaks inherent in facemask interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Chest-wall motion measurement via fibre-grating sensors offers a more reliable non-invasive ventilator triggering method.
  • This technique is impervious to air leaks, non-invasive, low-cost, and easy to implement.
  • The sensor shows promise for improving ventilation in both clinical and homecare settings.