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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

120.6K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
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Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

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The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

13.6K
Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
4.0K
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

10.6K
The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart
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A Novel Ex vivo Culture Method for the Embryonic Mouse Heart

Published on: May 24, 2013

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To Be Young at Heart.

Patrick C H Hsieh1, Timothy J Kamp2

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|April 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a gene cocktail from young heart cells that triggers adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. This breakthrough promotes heart regeneration, offering a potential new therapy for heart failure.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated and generally do not divide.
  • Heart failure is a major cause of mortality, often resulting from cardiomyocyte loss after myocardial infarction.
  • Current treatments for heart failure primarily manage symptoms and do not restore lost cardiac tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors that can induce proliferation in adult cardiomyocytes.
  • To investigate the potential of cardiomyocyte proliferation for cardiac regeneration.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies for heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of a specific gene cocktail from young, proliferative cardiomyocytes.
  • Testing the efficacy of the gene cocktail in inducing proliferation in adult mouse, rat, and human cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo.
  • Assessment of cardiac function and regeneration following myocardial infarction in animal models treated with the gene cocktail.

Main Results:

  • A specific combination of cell-cycle regulator genes was identified that effectively induces proliferation in adult cardiomyocytes across species.
  • Treatment with this gene cocktail promoted significant cardiomyocyte division and enhanced heart regeneration after experimental infarction.
  • The findings challenge the long-held belief of cardiomyocyte's inability to divide in adult mammals.

Conclusions:

  • A novel gene cocktail can overcome the G1/S cell-cycle checkpoint in adult cardiomyocytes, enabling their proliferation.
  • This discovery opens a new avenue for therapeutic interventions aimed at regenerating heart tissue and treating heart failure.
  • The study provides a proof-of-concept for reprogramming non-dividing cells to achieve organ regeneration.