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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Three-Dimensional Cell-Based Microarrays: Printing Pluripotent Stem Cells into 3D Microenvironments.

Jorge F Pascoal1,2, Tiago G Fernandes3,4, Gregory J Nierode2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel 3-D cell microarrays using alginate and Matrigel. These platforms accurately model in vivo conditions for studying stem cells, improving high-throughput screening.

Keywords:
3D cell microarrayCellular microenvironmentCytotoxicityHigh-content screeningPluripotent stem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Microarray Technology

Background:

  • Cell-based microarrays facilitate high-throughput screening but often use 2D cultures.
  • 2D cultures do not replicate in vivo three-dimensional (3D) cell interactions.
  • There is a need for advanced microarray platforms that mimic native cellular environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate alginate- and Matrigel-based 3D cell microarrays.
  • To enable the study of pluripotent stem cells in a more physiologically relevant 3D context.
  • To provide protocols for analyzing cell behavior on these 3D microarrays.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3D cell microarrays using alginate and Matrigel hydrogels.
  • Integration of microarrays onto chip-based platforms for mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Development of on-chip protocols for proliferation/viability assays and immunofluorescence staining.

Main Results:

  • Successful production of functional 3D cell microarrays.
  • Demonstration of on-chip analysis of stem cell proliferation, viability, and protein expression.
  • Validation of the platform for studying stem cells in a 3D microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Alginate- and Matrigel-based 3D cell microarrays offer a superior platform for stem cell research.
  • These 3D microarrays more accurately mimic in vivo conditions compared to 2D cultures.
  • The developed methodology supports high-throughput analysis of stem cell behavior in a 3D context.