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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

A Bright NIR-II Fluorescence Probe for Vascular and Tumor Imaging
Published on: March 17, 2023
Long-wavelength TCF-based fluorescence probes for the detection and intracellular imaging of biological thiols
Adam C Sedgwick1, Jordan E Gardiner, Gyoungmi Kim
1Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. t.d.james@bath.ac.uk s.d.bull@bath.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Two 'turn on' TCF-based fluorescence probes were developed for the detection of biological thiols (TCF-GSH and TCFCl-GSH). TCF-GSH was shown to have a high sensitivity towards glutathione (GSH) with a 0.28 microM limit of detection. Unfortunately, at higher GSH concentrations the fluorescence intensity of TCF-GSH decreased and toxicity was observed for TCF-GSH in live cells. However, TCFCl-GSH was shown to be able to detect GSH at biologically relevant concentrations with a 0.45 microM limit of detection. No toxicity was found for TCFCl-GSH and a clear 'turn on' with good photostability was observed for the exogenous addition of GSH, Cys and HCys. Furthermore, TCFCl-GSH was used to evaluate the effects of drug treatment on the levels of GSH in live cells.
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