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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.3K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

72.7K
Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering
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Isotropic Effective Spin-Orbit Coupling in a Conjugated Polymer.

Gajadhar Joshi1, Mandefro Y Teferi1, Richards Miller1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Utah , 115 S, 1400 E , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Investigating spin-orbit coupling in conjugated polymers, this study found that poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) exhibits isotropic g-factor broadening. This suggests motional narrowing in high-mobility materials, impacting electron spin characteristics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Conjugated polymers possess inherent shape and electronic anisotropy.
  • The impact of electronic anisotropy on electron spin characteristics, like spin-orbit coupling, remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of spin-orbit coupling on electron spin properties in conjugated polymers.
  • To analyze the broadening of resonance spectra with increasing magnetic field to understand anisotropy effects.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multifrequency electrically detected magnetic resonance (EDMR) spectroscopy across 12 octaves.
  • Examined high-field spectral broadening in various materials, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS).

Main Results:

  • Observed anisotropic broadening in three common materials, consistent with anisotropic g-strain effects.
  • Demonstrated isotropic broadening in PEDOT:PSS, indicating isotropic effective charge-carrier g-tensors.
  • Provided a direct measure of microscopic g-factor distribution in PEDOT:PSS.

Conclusions:

  • The isotropic g-tensor in PEDOT:PSS likely arises from motional narrowing due to high charge-carrier mobility.
  • Findings offer insights into the relationship between electronic anisotropy and electron spin behavior in conducting polymers.