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Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer
Published on: July 18, 2017
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Colorectal Cancer Screening and Prevention
Thad Wilkins1, Danielle McMechan1, Asif Talukder1
1Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
American Family Physician
|May 16, 2018
Summary
Regular screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults aged 50-75 can significantly reduce mortality. Various screening methods, including fecal occult blood tests and colonoscopy, are effective, alongside lifestyle modifications like increased physical activity and reduced red meat intake.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of death in the US.
- Most CRCs develop from adenomatous or serrated polyps.
- Screening average-risk adults aged 50-75 can lower CRC incidence and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evidence for CRC screening methods.
- To evaluate factors influencing CRC risk and prevention.
Main Methods:
- Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies.
- Analysis of evidence for various screening tests (fecal occult blood tests, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, etc.).
- Assessment of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions for CRC risk reduction.
Main Results:
- Guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests and flexible sigmoidoscopy demonstrate reduced CRC-specific mortality in RCTs.
- Colonoscopy shows promise in observational studies for decreasing CRC incidence and mortality.
- Lifestyle factors like physical activity, diet, and weight management are linked to reduced CRC risk.
- Certain medications (NSAIDs, hormone therapy) may lower risk, but harms limit use.
- Alcohol and tobacco use increase CRC risk, though cessation evidence is indirect.
Conclusions:
- Screening adults aged 50-75 is crucial for reducing colorectal cancer burden.
- Multiple screening modalities exist, with varying levels of evidence.
- Lifestyle modifications play a significant role in colorectal cancer prevention.
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