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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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The energy stored by a structure and location of matter in space is called potential energy. For instance, raising a kettlebell changes its spatial location and increases its potential energy. Similarly, a stretched rubber band contains potential energy which, under certain conditions, can be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy.
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A conservative force, such as a gravitational or elastic force, gives the body the capacity to do work. This capacity, measured as the potential energy, depends on the body's location or “position” relative to a fixed reference position or datum. The gravitational potential energy is considered zero at the reference point. Suppose a body is located at some vertical distance above a fixed horizontal reference or datum. In that case, the weight of the body has positive gravitational potential...
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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Related Experiment Video

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Examination of Host Phenotypes in Gambusia affinis Following Antibiotic Treatment
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Potential Treatment Options in a Post-antibiotic Era.

R R Bragg1, C M Meyburgh2, J-Y Lee2

  • 1Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa. braggrr@ufs.ac.za.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The rise in antimicrobial resistance threatens a post-antibiotic era due to decreased antibiotic discovery and overuse. Alternative strategies like vaccines and bacteriophages are crucial for combating this global health crisis.

Keywords:
AntibioticsAntimicrobial resistanceBacteriophagesEssential oilsVaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antibiotic discovery has declined significantly over the past 50 years.
  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health threat, leading to multidrug resistance.
  • The irresponsible use of antibiotics in healthcare and animal agriculture exacerbates the AMR crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the escalating global crisis of antimicrobial resistance.
  • To discuss the factors contributing to this crisis, including antibiotic overuse.
  • To explore alternative prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on antibiotic discovery and antimicrobial resistance.
  • Analysis of the impact of antibiotic usage in healthcare and animal production.
  • Discussion of alternative therapeutic and preventive approaches.

Main Results:

  • A critical decline in new antibiotic discoveries.
  • Increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
  • Identification of key drivers of AMR, such as antibiotic misuse.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent action is needed to avert a post-antibiotic era.
  • Alternative strategies including vaccines, herbal products, bacteriophages, and biosecurity are essential.
  • Responsible antibiotic stewardship is paramount in healthcare and agriculture.