Future Technology.

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Interventional Cardiology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Mitral regurgitation is the most prevalent valvular heart disease, affecting 2.3% of individuals over 65.
• Conventional open-heart surgery poses high risks for many patients with mitral valve disease.
• The mitral valve's complex anatomy presents unique challenges for transcatheter interventions compared to the aortic valve.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current landscape of transcatheter technologies for mitral valve disease.
• To highlight devices targeting mitral regurgitation via leaflets, annulus, and chordae tendineae.
• To discuss the potential future of minimally invasive mitral valve treatments.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing and investigational transcatheter devices for mitral valve repair and replacement.
• Analysis of devices targeting different mitral valve components (leaflets, annulus, chordae tendineae).
• Examination of delivery approaches (transseptal, transapical, transaortic, left atriotomy).

Main Results:

• The MitraClip is the sole FDA-approved device for mitral regurgitation, targeting leaflets.
• Eight minimally invasive devices targeting the mitral annulus are under human study.
• Five devices for chordae tendineae repair are in clinical trials, with over 10 transcatheter mitral valves in development.

Conclusions:

• Transcatheter approaches are rapidly evolving for mitral valve disease.
• These minimally invasive options show promise, especially for high-risk and elderly patient populations.
• The future likely involves increased adoption of transcatheter treatments for mitral valve conditions.