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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
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PROTOCOL NUTRITION THERAPY OF CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN.

A N Shmakov, Yu S Aleksandrovich, S M Stepanenko

    Anesteziologiia I Reanimatologiia
    |June 23, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This protocol guides pediatric intensive care nutrition, focusing on malnutrition in critically ill children. It outlines parenteral and enteral nutrition strategies, offering flexibility for clinical decisions.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine
    • Clinical Nutrition
    • Nutritional Support

    Background:

    • Critical and post-aggressive states in children, especially during intensive growth periods like the first year of life, are characterized by malnutrition.
    • Existing protocols may lack comprehensive guidance for nutritional management in pediatric intensive care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish a flexible framework for diagnostic criteria and therapeutic actions in pediatric intensive care nutrition.
    • To provide evidence-based recommendations for both parenteral and enteral nutrition in critically ill children.
    • To empower clinicians with defined guidelines while allowing for individualized patient care.

    Main Methods:

    • The protocol details contraindications and indications for artificial nutrition, including parenteral and enteral routes.

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  • It specifies components, calculations for water, energy, and substrate requirements for parenteral nutrition.
  • Methods for monitoring effectiveness, using "two-in-one" and "three-in-one" systems, and incorporating adjuvants are described.

    • Main Results:

    • The protocol provides a structured approach to nutritional support, covering artificial nutrition contraindications and indications.
    • It details the components and calculations necessary for parenteral nutrition, including advanced delivery systems.
    • Guidelines for early enteral nutrition, including timing, tolerance, feeding techniques, and formula selection, are comprehensively outlined.

    Conclusions:

    • This protocol offers a non-directive framework for nutritional management in pediatric intensive care, respecting clinical judgment.
    • It addresses critical aspects of malnutrition in critically ill children, particularly during early life stages.
    • The protocol emphasizes a systematic approach to parenteral and enteral nutrition, enhancing patient care outcomes.