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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology
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Microfluidics-based High-throughput Circulating Tumor Cell Sorting and Single-cell Sequencing Technology

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Circulating Tumor Cells: The Importance of Single Cell Analysis.

D Heymann1,2,3, M Téllez-Gabriel4

  • 1Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, INSERM, European Associated Laboratory "Sarcoma Research Unit", Sheffield, UK.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Analyzing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at the single-cell level offers insights into cancer heterogeneity. This approach aids in understanding disease progression and selecting effective biomarkers for prognosis and prediction.

Keywords:
BiomarkersCirculating tumor cellsLiquid biopsySingle cellsTumor heterogeneity

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed from primary tumors and can form distant metastases.
  • CTCs serve as a non-invasive biopsy for prognostic and predictive biomarkers in cancer.
  • Tumor heterogeneity describes variations in genetic and phenotypic profiles within and between tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for CTC enrichment and isolation.
  • To review current methodologies for single-cell analysis of CTCs (RNA, DNA, protein, epigenetics).
  • To highlight the clinical and biological significance of single CTC analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established and emerging techniques for CTC enrichment and isolation.
  • Overview of single-cell analysis platforms for molecular characterization.
  • Synthesis of existing studies on single CTC analysis in various cancer subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Characterizing heterogeneity among single CTCs can elucidate disease causes and progression.
  • Single-cell analysis provides a deeper understanding of tumor biology compared to bulk analysis.
  • Identification of specific molecular markers within CTCs can improve patient stratification.

Conclusions:

  • Single CTC analysis is crucial for understanding tumor heterogeneity and metastasis.
  • Advanced single-cell techniques offer powerful tools for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Further research into single CTCs will refine prognostic and predictive marker selection.