3D Genome Organization Influences the Chromosome Translocation Pattern
Rachel Patton McCord1, Adayabalam Balajee2
1Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA. rmccord@utk.edu.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 30, 2018
Summary
3D genome structure influences DNA repair and chromosomal translocations, impacting diseases like cancer. Understanding this spatial organization is key to deciphering disease mechanisms and outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Eukaryotic chromosome folding in the nucleus is increasingly understood through imaging, molecular, and computational studies.
- 3D genome structure influences DNA metabolic activities including replication, transcription, recombination, and repair.
- Defective DNA repair can result in chromosomal translocations, implicated in human cancers and diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the role of 3D genome structure in the mechanisms of chromosomal translocation formation.
- To explore how spatial genome organization impacts DNA repair efficiency and disease outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Advanced imaging techniques.
- Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) based approaches.
- Computational modeling.
Main Results:
- Proximal positioning of chromosomal domains and gene loci significantly influences translocation formation.
- 3D genome structure plays a critical role in selecting translocation partners.
- Spatial genome organization affects DNA damage likelihood, repair efficiency, and the biological consequences of translocations.
Conclusions:
- 3D genome structure is a crucial factor in chromosomal translocation formation.
- Understanding 3D genome organization offers insights into disease progression and potential therapeutic strategies.
Related Concept Videos
02:31Chromosome Replication
10.7K
Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins. This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
10.7K
01:39Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance
60.3K
In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
60.3K
02:04Polytene Chromosomes
11.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
11.0K
01:51Lampbrush Chromosomes
8.7K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.7K
02:40Chromosome Structure
26.6K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
26.6K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
37.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.2K