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Related Concept Videos

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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Notch and Stem Cells.

Anna Bigas1,2, Cristina Porcheri3

  • 1Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain. abigas@imim.es.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Notch pathway is vital for stem cell biology, regulating tissue balance. This review compares Notch signaling across animal models to understand stem cell maintenance and differentiation.

Keywords:
DifferentiationNotchSelf-renewingStem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • The Notch pathway is essential for regulating stem cell maintenance and differentiation in embryonic and adult tissues.
  • While core components are conserved, Notch signaling exhibits system-specific regulatory variations across evolution.
  • Understanding these variations is key to tissue homeostasis and regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare the diverse roles and regulation of the Notch pathway in stem cells across different animal models.
  • To highlight analogies and differences in Notch activity during development and adulthood.
  • To elucidate how stem cells utilize Notch signaling for self-renewal and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative review of existing literature on Notch pathway function in various animal models.
  • Analysis of Notch-mediated stem cell regulation in different tissue types.
  • Examination of ligand-dependent signaling, cross-talk, and transcriptional control.

Main Results:

  • Notch signaling plays a conserved yet adaptable role in stem cell biology.
  • Differences in Notch pathway regulation are observed across species and tissue types.
  • Stem cells employ specific Notch-dependent mechanisms to maintain pluripotency or drive differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • The Notch pathway's fine-tuning is critical for stem cell fate decisions.
  • Comparative studies across animal models reveal conserved principles and system-specific adaptations of Notch signaling.
  • Further research into Notch pathway regulation can inform therapeutic strategies for stem cell-based therapies.