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Bonding in Metals02:32

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

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Photonic functional metal-organic frameworks.

Yuanjing Cui1, Jun Zhang, Huajun He

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. gdqian@zju.edu.cn.

Chemical Society Reviews
|July 27, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile hybrid materials for advanced photonic applications. Their unique structure enables novel functions in sensing, emission, and catalysis, driving future technological development.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are hybrid porous materials self-assembled from metal ions and organic linkers.
  • MOFs integrate properties of inorganic and organic components, offering tunable porosity for guest encapsulation.
  • Their hybrid nature and ordered structures distinguish them from conventional photonic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the design and construction of photonic MOFs.
  • To explore the diverse applications of photonic MOFs in various fields.
  • To highlight construction strategies and synergistic effects for enhanced photonic functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on photonic MOFs.
  • Analysis of MOF design principles for photonic applications.
  • Categorization of MOF applications based on photonic functionalities.

Main Results:

  • MOFs offer a unique platform for realizing novel photonic functions due to tunable structures and guest encapsulation.
  • Photonic MOFs show promise in luminescence sensing, white-light emission, photocatalysis, nonlinear optics, lasing, data storage, and biomedicine.
  • Synergistic effects and strategic construction are key to achieving high performance in photonic MOFs.

Conclusions:

  • Photonic MOFs represent a rapidly developing field with significant potential for technological innovation.
  • Further research into construction strategies and understanding synergistic effects will unlock new applications.
  • Challenges remain in optimizing MOF performance and scalability for practical photonic devices.