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Explicit Attitudes, Working Memory Capacity, and Driving After Drinking.

Laura E Hatz1, Kayleigh N McCarty1, Bruce D Bartholow1

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research
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PubMed
Summary

Individuals with higher working memory capacity (WMC) are more likely to drive after drinking if they perceive it as less dangerous. This highlights WMC's role in aligning attitudes with behavior, impacting drinking and driving interventions.

Keywords:
Alcohol AdministrationDrinking and DrivingDual Process ModelsExplicit AttitudesWorking Memory Capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Traffic Safety Research

Background:

  • Attitudes toward drinking and driving significantly predict actual behavior.
  • Working memory capacity (WMC) may moderate the link between attitudes and drinking/driving behavior.
  • Dual process models suggest cognitive factors influence decision-making under intoxication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate working memory capacity (WMC) as a moderator in the relationship between attitudes and drinking and driving.
  • To test the hypothesis that the association between perceived danger and driving after drinking is stronger for individuals with higher WMC.

Main Methods:

  • 161 participants were assigned to alcohol or placebo beverage conditions.
  • Past-year frequency of driving after drinking and WMC were assessed at baseline.
  • Perceived danger of driving at intoxication levels was rated across the breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) curve.

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction between perceived danger and WMC was observed in the alcohol condition, particularly on the ascending limb and at peak BrAC.
  • Individuals with higher WMC showed a strong association between lower perceived dangerousness and increased driving after drinking.
  • This association was not significant for individuals with lower WMC.

Conclusions:

  • Higher WMC facilitates consistency between explicit attitudes and drinking and driving behavior.
  • Findings suggest potential for interventions targeting WMC or implicit associations to reduce drinking and driving.
  • Understanding cognitive moderators like WMC is crucial for developing effective drinking and driving prevention strategies.